1.1 Characteristics of the demographic situation in Ukraine

That is, the analysis revealed wave-like changes in the demographic situation in Ukraine.

The first period (1990–1993) is characterized by a decrease in the birth rate, an increase in the number of deaths, positive migration (more arrivals than departures), and a growing population.

The second period (1994–2001) is characterized by a decrease in the birth rate, the number of deaths at the level of 792.6–719.9 thousand people, migration becomes negative (more people leave than they arrive), the population decreases.

The third period (2002–2008) is characterized by an increase in birth rates, stabilization of the number of deaths at the level of 754.9–782.0 thousand people per year, migration changes from negative to positive, population decline begins to slow down.

The    fourth      period (2009–2013) is characterized by the stabilization of the annual birth rate at the level of 497.7–520.7 thousand people, the number of deaths decreases from 706.7 thousand people to 662.4 thousand people, continues positive migration, slowing down the decline population is growing.

The fifth period (2014–2020) is characterized by a decrease in the annual birth rate from 465.9 thousand people to 293.5 thousand people, the number of deaths decreases except in 2020, when the number of deaths increased compared to 2019 by 35.7 thousand people (possibly due to a pandemic); migration remains positive, the annual population decline is accelerating from –0.27 % in 2014 to –1.14 % in 2019.

Periodization of the demographic situation in Ukraine is summarized in Table 1.3.

Thus, the education system of Ukraine is currently developing in an environment where there is a significant reduction in the birth rate, which has determined the acceleration of the annual population decline in all age groups. The COVID-19 pandemic, which continues in 2021, has contributed to population decline. In 2020, the number of deaths in Ukraine increased compared to 2019 by 35.7 thousand people.

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